木麻黄小枝提取物的分离鉴定及其对幼苗的化感作用

Isolation and identification of extract from Casuarnia equisetifolia branchlet and its allelopathy on seedling growth

木麻黄是我国华南沿海重要的防护林树种，易衰退．从化感作用角度探讨其衰退原因．结果表明，木麻黄小枝提取物显著地抑制其幼苗的生长，具有化感作用．利用色谱和波谱技术从提取物中分离鉴定了５种化感物质：Ａ．山奈黄素－３－α－鼠李糖苷；Ｂ．懈皮黄素－３－α－阿拉伯糖苷；Ｃ．樨草素－３＇，４＇－二甲氧基－７－β－鼠李糖苷；Ｄ．山奈黄素－３－β－双鼠李糖苷；Ｅ．懈皮黄素－３－β－葡萄糖苷，均为黄酮类化合物．用Ａ、Ｂ和Ｃ对木麻黄幼苗进行生物测定表明，３种化感物均显著地抑制木麻黄幼苗生长，尤其是抑制根生长．

Casuarnia equisetifolia is an important tree species for shelter belt at the seashores of South China, but it degenerates quickly. The potential cause of its degeneration is discussed from the viewpoint of allelopathly. The results show that allelochemicals produced by C. equisetifolia can inhibit the growth of its seedlings. Five allelochemicals from C. equisetifolia branchlet are isolated and identified by means of HPLC, IR and NMR. They are kaempferol-3-α-rhmanoside, quercetin-3-α-araboside, luteolin-3', 4'-dimethoxy-7-β-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-β-dirhamnoside and quercetin-3-β-glucoside. The first three of them can inhibit the growth of seedling, and especially that of root.