论钱大昕的史学批评

On Qian Daxin's Historical Comments

钱大昕是清代学术大师,在众多领域都有卓越建树,而于史学用力最多、成就最大。在史学批评上,他提出了“成一家之言”的治史境界、“美恶不掩,各从其实”的撰史原则、“博采慎择”的取材标准、“增其所当增,省其所可省”的表述要求、“师古之是,平心度之”的批评态度、“知人论世”的批评方法、“谨严灵活”的史法义例等等,散见于其对具体史书或史事的考证和评论中,在史学批评史上具有重要的理论意义和价值。

Being an outstanding scholar in Qing Dynasty, Qian Daxin boasted of a variety of researches, of which histofiography was his special interest and biggest achievement. In the field of historical comments, he put forward several principles for us to follow when conducting research, for example, ＂Following the very fact of virtue and evil without any concealment＂,＂Widely consider and carefully choose＂, ＂Increase what should be increased and reduce what can be reduced＂ etc. All those ideas are scattered in his criticism and investigations on historical books and historical events, and are of great theoretical significance and values.