抗日战争时期国民政府难民移垦政策研究

A Study of Refugees' Cultivating Policy of National Government During the AntiJapanese War

抗日战争时期的难民问题是一个重大的社会问题。国民政府以“寓救济于生产”为目的,于1938年至1939年,先后颁布《难民垦殖实施办法大纲》、《非常时期难民移垦规则》和《非常时期难民移垦条例》,制定了难民移垦政策,力图通过建立垦区、垦社,将难民移送到后方开垦荒地的方式来实现救济,增加生产。总体看来,抗日战争时期的难民移垦政策是国民政府救济制度的一大改进,体现了社会救济主体的转变和国民政府救难重心的转移,也为战时西部地区的生产建设作了贡献。

The problem of refugees during the Anti - Japanese War period is a serious social prob- lem. With the aim of combining relieving and production, the National Government issued Outline for Implement of Refugees Cultivating, Regulations of Refugees Migrating and Cultivating During Abnormal Times and Statute of Refugees Migrating and Cultivating During Abnormal Times in 1938 and 1939, and constituted policies to migrate refugees to cultivate. The purpose of the policy is that by the way of migrating refugees to home front and setting up areas of cultivating, to relieve and increase production. In general, the policy is a progress of government＇ s relieving system, which realized the change of main body to carry out social relieving and the center of government almsgiving. It contributed a lot to the construction of western area during the wartime.