秦岭川金丝猴冬季和春季在自然栖息地的空间利用(英文)

Use of forest strata by Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana in spring and winter in Qinling Mountains, China

2000年9月到2003年3月共计197天的时间里,我们采用目标动物取样法(Focalanimalsampling)和行为的全事件记录法(Alloccurrencesampling)对一群生活在秦岭北坡周至保护区内的秦岭金丝猴(Rhinopithecusroxellana)在自然栖息地内空间利用的进行了研究。当猴群在离开人工投食区进行自由活动时我们开始收集数据。结果表明:秦岭川金丝猴在不同年龄性别组的个体对植被的空间利用明显不同,它们花费每天活动的14%的时间在地面上活动,53%时间在树叉处活动,33%的时间在树冠中间活动。与其它年龄性别个体相比,成年雄性有27%的观察时间在地上活动,并且20%的取食时间或29%的休息时间是在地上的,明显地高于其它年龄性别组的个体。群体迁移时,成年雄性有53%的时间在地上移动,而只有13%的时间是在树冠层移动的。在通过不同树冠的时候,成年雄性经常会同时抓住两边再把身体摆过去。它们也经常下到地上迁移而回避在树间跳跃。相比之下,亚成年雌性和青少年猴更加经常地在低植被层和树冠层中找食和休息。它们明显地比成年猴更加频繁地在树冠中移动,却很少下地。它们还经常使用跳跃的方式通过树冠间的空隙。从观察到摔下树的事例分析,青少年猴从树上摔下来的风险比成年猴大。本文进而讨论了影响秦岭金丝猴空间分布和移动的因素,比如说身体的重量等.

We studied a free ranging provisioned group of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in their natural habitats. Group members spent 14% of their daytime on the ground, 53% in the low stratum and 33% in the canopy. Use of forest strata differed among age-sex classes. Adult males spent 27% of daytime on the ground, 20% of their foraging time on the ground and 29% of their resting time on the ground, all of which were significantly longer than the other classes. They traveled frequently on the ground （53%） but rarely in the canopy （15%）. To cross canopy gaps they preferred to grasp the branches on both sides and then shifted themselves in one direction, however, they often descended to the ground to avoid leaping the gaps. In contrast, subadult females and juveniles foraged and rested mostly in the lower stratum and/or canopy. Subadult females and juveniles spent significantly more time traveling in the canopy than adult animals. They rarely foraged or rested on the ground and tended to cross the canopy gaps by leaping. Juveniles were at a greater risk of falling from trees than adults. Factors such as body weight that affected their spatial distribution and locomotion were also examined[Acta Zoologica Sinica 52（3）：429-436,2006].