大鸨东方亚种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity of the great bustard Otis tarda dybowskii

为了探索东方亚种数量正在减少的原因和制定科学、有效的保护措施,利用微卫星DNA对大鸨东方亚种(Otistardadybowskii)的遗传多样性进行了研究。应用3个大鸨指名亚种的微卫星位点和13个波斑鸨的微卫星位点扩增了47个个体的基因组DNA,筛选出8个具有多态性的微卫星。其中有3个微卫星的多态性较低,其余5个微卫星的多态性较高。各位点的观察杂合度为0.0435-1.0000,平均杂合度(h)为0.6595;各位点多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0416-0.8520,平均为0.5497;有效等位基因数(E)为1.04-7.46,平均为3.61。4个位点符合HardyWeinberg平衡,4个位点偏离了HardyWeinberg平衡。多方面比较发现,大鸨东方亚种遗传多样性很低,且低于指名亚种,这可能由于其种群较小、历史遗传瓶颈作用、生境破碎化、分布地域紧缩等原因造成的。

Great bustards Otis tarda dybowskii populations are declining in China. To determine reasons for this decline and to assist conservation, the genetic diversity of great bustards was analyzed by microsatellite DNA markers. Three microsatellites from great bustard O. t. tarda and 13 from Houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulate were detected in 47 great bustards O. t. dybowskii. Eight microsatellite were polymorphic, 3 of which were low polymorphic and the remaining 5 highly polymorphic. The heterozygosity of the 8 loci ranged from 0.0435 to 1.0000, averaging 0.6595 per locus, polymophism Information Contant from 0. 0416 to 0. 8520, averaging 0.5497 per locus, and the effective number from 1.04 to 7.46, 3.61 alleles per locus on average. The observed genotype frequencies at 4 loci were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium （HWE） and the remaining 4 loci were significantly deviated from HWE. The results show that genetic diversity of O. t. dybowskii is lower than O. t. tarda. This may be caused by the smaller population size, genetic bottleneck in history, and fragrnentated or concentrated geographical distribution [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 （3） ： 569 - 574, 2006].