德国森林经营历史经验的借鉴

Learning from the Historical Experience of Forest Management in Germany

作者介绍了德国森林经营理论的阶段性特征，包括：德国人工造林思想的形成和“森林永续利用理论”的诞生、膨胀的工业化对木材的需求和“土地纯收益理论”的诞生、对森林生态系统的认识和“接近自然的林业理论”的诞生、国家对林业的扶持和“林业政策效益理论”的诞生。我国林业正由粗放经营向集约经营转变。借鉴德国森林经营的经验，对于我国的林业改革和选择适合我国特点的森林经营模式。

Abstract In this review paper,the characteristics at different development stages of forest management theory in Germany were introduced, including the formation of plantation forestry, emerge of “the theory of sustainable utilization of forests”,demanding for timber by rapidly expending industrialization,emerge of “the theory of pure land return”, understanding of forest ecosystems, “the forestry theory of returning to the nature”,forestry supported by the government and “the theory of forestry policy benefit”. At nowadays, China is still going on the way of reforming and opening the door, the central government has decided to transfer the planned economics into market economics of socialism, forest management must be becoming more intensive. However,it must encounter some problems, in terms of system, policy and technology, to realize forestry reform. The forestry reform and selection of forest management types which are more suited to the Chinese situation must greatly be benefited in China through the use of experience in forest management of Germany.