节水农业背景条件分析

On Background Factors of Water-saving Agriculture

综述了气候、地形、水文过程和土壤水分状况在节水农业研究与应用中的作用。干旱指标法被广泛采用以分析干旱情况,但它不能很好地反映季节性干旱;地形对节水农业的影响主要是通过影响降水和水土流失情况来影响水资源利用率和节水配置;对水文过程的分析从流域尺度出发主要采用TOPMODEL、SWAT、MODFLOPW、FEFLOW、MIKE-SHE等模型,从局地尺度出发主要采用TOPMODEL、WEPP等模型,从农田尺度出发,研究主要集中在农田蒸发、蒸散和作物水分生产函数方面;土壤水分状况受土壤类型、土壤性质、土地利用方式、地表覆盖物、气候因素、以及人为作用的影响,利用这些因素对土壤水影响的规律培育“土壤水库”和对作物进行非充分灌溉或者调亏灌溉能够有效地节约灌溉用水。

This paper reviews the effects of climate, landform, hydrological process and soil water on water-saving agriculture. The results show that although drought is normally analyzed by drought indices method, it can＇t reflect well the seasonal drought. The effects of landform on water-saving agriculture could be reflected by water resource allocation and efficiency based on precipitation and soil and water loss. At watershed scale, TOPMODEL, SWAT, MODFLOPW, FEFLOW and MIKE-SHE are employed to analyze hydrological process, while TOPMODEL and WEPP are taken into consideration at local scale, and filed transpiration, evapotranspiration, and crop water production function are greatly researched at field level. Soil water is mainly affected by soil types, soil properties, land use patterns, land cover, climate and human actives. Irrigation water could efficiently be saved by improving ＂soil reservoir＂ and taking measure of limited irrigation or regulated deficit irrigation.