利用花粉管通道法将外源DNA导入水稻之研究进展

The Research and Development about Exogenous DNA Introduced into Paddy Rice by Pollen-tube Pathway

外源DNA直接导入技术以DNA片断杂交假说为理论基础,直接将目的基因或带有目的性状供体遗传物质(总DNA)通过花粉管通道法导入水稻植株,创造大量的变异材料,通过筛选获得目的性状的后代和新品种。由于简单、易行、不受受体植物种类的限制,已被越多的育种者所接受,在水稻的抗病、米质、丰产性上等各方面广为应用。介绍了外源DNA导入方法、外源基因导入类型、后代遗传变异特点及影响花粉管通道法导入的因素,优点、局限性进行了分析,同时提出了问题和展望。

Based on the hypothesis of DNA fragment hybridization, exogenous DNA can be introduced into plant genome by pollen-tube pathway, producing progenies with genetically varied traits. New cuhivars with fine agronomic traits can be selected from these progenies. The exogenous DNA can be the gene of interest or the whole genomic DNA from donor plants that possess the trait of importance. Because this method is simple and easy to operate, and the receptor plants are not limited to any plant species or genotypes, more and more plant breeders are adopting this technology. Significant progress has been made in rice breeding using this method, and new rice cuhivars with high resistance to plant diseases, high quality and high yield have been bred and widely adopted by farmers. This article is intended to introduce the methods for the direct introduction of the exogenous DNA into plant genome, the genetic variations of the progenies produced and the factors that affect the effectiveness of the pollen-tube pathway. The merits, problems and the prospect for the pollen-tube pathway will also be discussed.