超级稻“三定”栽培法研究 Ⅱ.不同施肥量对超级杂交稻产量及生长生理特性的影响

Studies on San-Ding Cultivation Method for Super Rice Ⅱ.Effects of Different Fertilizer Rate Treatments on the Yield and Characteristics of Growth and Physiology

2004—2005年在长沙(28°13′N)采用低肥(N135kg/hm2、P29.7kg/hm2、K112.1kg/hm2)、中肥(N180kg/hm2、P39.6kg/hm2、K149.4kg/hm2)、高肥(N225kg/hm2、P49.5kg/hm2、K186.8kg/hm2)3种施肥水平,对超级杂交稻两优293和准两优527的产量及生长生理特性进行了比较研究。结果表明:在试验范围内不同施肥量处理间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异不显著,2年平均产量以中肥处理最高,其中准两优527为9.03t/hm2,两优293为7.28t/hm2;不同年际间超级稻产量及有效穗、每穗粒数、结实率等产量构成差异显著;超级杂交稻准两优527和两优293的适宜氮肥用量为150～180kg/hm2。与准两优527比较,两优293茎秆粗壮,根系发达、根系活力强、分蘖力强、但分蘖成穗率不高,而准两优527前中期生长平稳,分蘖成穗率高,抽穗后光合产物积累多和运转率高,有利于高产形成,但不抗倒伏,生产上应适量减少氮肥施用量。

The experiment with super hybrid rice （LiangYou 293 and ZhunLiangYou 527） was conducted in Changsha city （28°13′N） in 2004-2005.3 different fertilizer treatments of low rate （N 135kg/hm^2＋P 29.7kg/ hm^2＋K 112.1kg/hm^2）, middle rate （N 180kg/hm^2＋ P 39.6kg/hm^2＋ K 149.4kg/hm^2） and high rate （N 225kg/ hm^2＋P 49.5kg/hm^2＋K 186.8kg/hm^2 were experimented to study on the characteristics of the yield formation and the growth and physiology in super hybrid rice. The results show that there were significant differences of the yield and the yield components of panicle number, spikelets number per panicle, grain filling percentage and 1000 grain weigh between two years but not among the fertilizer treatments. The highest yield was harvested in the middle fertilizer rate treatment for both combinations, of which, in average, LiangYou 293 yielded 9.03t/hm^2 and ZhunLiangYou 527 yielded 7.28t/hm^2. The results also showed that proper nitrogen fertilizer rate was 150 -180kg /hm^2 for both LiangYou 293 and ZhunLiangYou 527. Compared with ZhunLiangYou 527, LiangYou 293 performed as rooting ability, low productive tiller percentage, high dry matter early development, stronger tillering and production in the early and mid-growth periods. ZhunLiangYou 527 had the high yielding performance with stable growth and high tiller productive percentage in the early and mid-growth periods and high photosynthesis productivity and translocation properties in the late growth periods.