秸秆覆盖对坡耕地土壤性状和马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Straw Mulch on Soil Properties and Tomato Productivity on Slope Land

通过田间试验研究稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖对坡耕地土壤侵蚀、土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤小动物种类和数量、杂草生长及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:坡耕地秸秆覆盖栽培秋马铃薯能减少土壤泥沙流失57.1%～71.4%,有效降低地面秋冬季节极端温度,提高土壤渗蓄保墒能力,增加土壤生物多样性和数量,特别是蚯蚓的数量明显增加,比对照高2倍以上,稻草和玉米秸秆杂草量仅为对照的9%～57%,马铃薯产量增幅为33%～77%,增产效果明显。因此,坡耕地稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖有利于保蓄水土,改良土壤性状,稳定提高马铃薯产量。

Effects of straw mulch on soil erosion and water, soil temperature, sorts and multitudes of small animals, weeds growth and potato productivity were studied through field experiments. The results showed that soil erosion were lower with 57.1%-71.4% than conventional cultivation. It was effective to mitigate extreme temperature in autumn and winter, enhance soil water retention, and increase soil biology diversity and its multitudes, especially the earthworm higher with over 1.5 times than conventional cultivation, by straw mulch. The weeds weight accounted for 9%-57% and the potato productivity increased 33%-77% in relative to conventional cultivation. Adoption of straw mulch led to a decline in soil erosion, increase in soil water retention, and improvement soil properties and stable enhancement potato productivity compared with bare reference, suggesting it was a valuable conservation practice for potato produce on slope land.