血管血栓性疾病的发病机制和防治

Pathogenic mechanism and treatment of vascular thromboenbolism disease

血管血栓性疾病是多发病、常见病,它严重危害人类健康。其发病机制是血管中血栓形成,引起血栓形成的因素很多,危险因素有基因、环境和生活行为(如吸烟)。动脉血栓形成的基础病变是动脉粥样硬化,血小板黏附聚集在动脉血栓形成中起“扳机”作用,静脉血栓形成的主要因素是淤血和高凝。预防动脉血栓形成主要是降血脂和抗血小板黏附、聚集,而预防静脉血栓形成则抗凝和采取措施减轻淤血。动脉血栓的治疗方案主要是溶血栓和/或经皮冠脉介入术(PC I),静脉血栓的治疗方案主要是抗凝。此外,本文还介绍了微血管血栓的形成机制和防治。

Thromboembolism of vascular is a human common disease. The onset of thrombotic disease is due to thrombosis in vascular which produced from multiple factors including gene, environment and life behavior （eg. smoking）. The formation of arteriosclerosis plaque is involved in the basic pathologic change of arterial thrombosis, The platelet adhesive and aggregation is action as a ＂trigger＂ in arterial thrombosis. The prevented and therapeutic approaches of the disease are suggested to be lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, thrombolytic drug and percutaneous coronary intervention（ PCI）, respectively. The mainly pathologic phenotype of venous thrombosis revealed with blood stasis and hypercoagulation. Decrease stasis and anticoagulation can be used as efficient prevented and therapeutic methods for the disease.