小麦主要病虫分期混合施药技术

STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY OF MIXTURE OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES TO CONTROL MAIN DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS OF WINTER WHEAT AT THREE PERIODS

研究结果表明,小麦主要病虫的发生有明显的阶段性,秋苗期主要是纹枯病和地下害虫,返青拔节期主要是纹枯病和麦蜘蛛,两者皆在3月25日前后进入侵染和为害盛期;穗期主要有白粉病、叶锈病和麦蚜,有的年份条锈病流行,它们多在5月1日前后进入盛发期。播种期、返青拔节期和穗期3期,杀虫剂与杀菌剂混合施药具有良好的药效和明显的增产作用,特别是穗期。3期混合施药的最优组合是:播种期,0.08％甲基异柳磷与0.03％三唑醇混合拌种,返青拔节期,甲基硫环磷(175.5g/ha)与三唑醇(75g/ha)混合喷雾;穗期,抗蚜威(45g/ha)与三唑醇(105g/ha)混合喷雾。3期施药经济效益显著,投入产出比1: 12.7～14.1,每ha纯收益1450.5～1797.0元。

This study indicated that occurence of main diseases and insect pests of winter wheat in Chengwu County of Shandong Province showed obvious sequence at three periods, there were sheath blight (Rhizoctonia cerealis) and soil insects (Anomala cor-pulenta Motschulsky, Pleonomus canaliculatus Faldermann, Gryllotalpa unispina Saus-sure) during wheat seedling stage in autumn; sheath blight and wheat mites [Penthaleus major Duges, Petrobia latens (Muller)] in the course of turning green to jointing stage, and got into peak of infection and damage rapidly since about March 25; and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC.), leaf rust (Puccinia recodita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici), strip rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Eriks. ) and wheat aphids [Sitobio avenae (Fabricius)] during heading stage and most of them got into injurious peak rapidly since about May 1, so that the outputs of wheat were significantly increased by treatment of mixing insecticides and fungicides at the suitable times of sowing, March 25 and May 1, respectively, especially May 1; there was no decrease in the effect of mixing insecticides and fungicides to control diseases and insect pests. The best combinations of the above treatment of mixing insecticides and fungicides were 0. 08% isofenphos-methyl and 0. 03% triadimenol for seed dressing at sowing period; phosfolan-methyl 175. 5g/ha and triadimenol 75g/ha at March 25; pirimicarb 45g/ ha and triadimenol 105g/ha at May 1 for foliage spraying respectively. The treatment of mixing insecticides and fungicides at the three periods had significant economic benefit. The ratio of input and output was 1 : 12. 7-14. 1, and the net income was 1450. 5 -1797. 0 yuan/ha.