农药的科学使用问题与农药应用工艺学

SCIENTIFIC USE OF PESTICIDES ON THE BASIS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY

作者简要评述了农药与农药使用技术同步发展的历史。对早期无机农药时代以及后期有机合成农药时代开发的农药的显然相反的物理化学性质进行了毒理和使用方面的比较,认为农药的不良副作用是由于有机合成农药的高亲脂性和高的油/水分配系数所引起,并从而产生了有机合成农药在生物圈中的富集现象以及对环境质量的冲击。经过长期的多学科合作研究,由此诞生了农药应用工艺学,其目的是为了解决农药的不良副作用所产生的各种问题。本文简要介绍了农药应用工艺学的科学范畴及相关科学领域的研究内容和发展现状。

A brief review of the history of a synchronous development of pesticides and their application methods was given. The distinctively opposite physico-chemical properties of agrochemicals developed in early inorganic-pesticide era were compared with that developed in late synthetic pesticide era. Adverse side-effects of synthetic pesticides were considered stemmed from their lipophilic properties and high 0/W partition coefficient, and therefrom arising the problem of biological enrichment in the biosphere and impact on environmental quality. Pesticide application technology, a new field of pesticide science, aiming at the settlement of these problems,was developed after a long time and multidisciplinary research. Related disciplines of pesticide application technology were briefly described.