灾祸伏于辉煌之中——对伯里克利大战略失败的政治文化解释

A Political Cultural Explanation on the Failure of Periscles' Grand Strategy

开辟雅典黄金时代的伯里克利持有明晰的治国大战略,其战略的根本目的在于造就和维护作为辉煌的民主城邦及其帝国的“伟大雅典”。然而,需要指出的是,伯里克利的大战略在他在世的时候即已开始失败。导致失败的最致命因素是希腊文化中独具特色和相对新颖的雅典政治文化。伯里克利企求的雅典荣耀遭致众邦敌视和抗拒,最终促使帝国覆灭;他作为首要人物助成的冒险、革新、不甘安宁和想望扩张的雅典国民性格,连同以战时勇敢为最高荣誉和美德的希腊传统文化精神,与他依凭来进行战争的战略相悖,并且最终占了上风;他对智慧和理性的崇信,使他关于开战和作战的战略预计或规划产生若干严重缺陷,同时导致或加剧了凸现于雅典政治文化中的致命的“傲慢”。伯里克利的大战略未能承载“伟大雅典”,后者最终毁于他参与启动但未能打赢的战争。

Pericles who inaugurated the Golden Age of Athens had some highly self-conscious and remarkable grand strategy for the making and maintaining of “the Great Athens”. However,Pericles' grand strategy had already begun to fail even when he was alive. The fatal factors leading to the failure is the political culture of Athenian that had its uniqueness and was relative new in ancient Greek. In fact,the political culture of Athenian had very close relation with the imperialist culture of Athenian. Athens' glory that Pericles relentlessly sought was hated by other cities and resisted consistently,and that eventually precipitate the fall of the empire. Pericles' grand strategy failed to carry “the Great Athens” that was finally destroyed by the very war he helped to bring about but was unable to win.