小麦耐湿性变异及其配合力分析

Studies on the Variability and Combining Ability of Waterlogging Tolerance in Common Wheat

对耐湿性强弱不等的１０个小麦品种，按Ｇｒｉｆｉｎｇ方法４配制成４５个双列杂交组合。在小麦对湿害最敏感的孕穗期进行连续２５天的水渍处理，以主茎绿色叶片数为指标，对亲本及Ｆ１进行耐湿性鉴定分析。结果表明，小麦亲本间对水渍的敏感性存在显著差异，亲本间耐湿性的一般配合力及组合间特殊配合力的差异也达显著水平。参试亲本中，Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ不仅本身耐湿性强，而且耐湿性的一般配合力效应值大，特殊配合力方差大，具有较大的利用潜力；水里占、西风和农林４６次之；宁麦３号的耐湿性差，一般配合力低，特殊配合力方差小，在耐湿性育种中不宜利用。在耐湿性变异中，遗传变异占７１．５％，加性变异占５７．３％，显性度为０．５。因此，通过合理选配亲本和后代早期选择。

An experiment was conducted to evaluate waterlogging tolerance of 10 wheat varieties and their F 1s from a Griffing 4 dialle cross,with the number of green leaves per main stem under 25 days artificial flooding treatment at the booting stage as a criterion.Results showed that there was asignificant difference in waterlogging tolerance among varieties,with Compton being the most tolerant and Ningmai 3 the most sensitive.Ten parents were divided into 4 groups based on their effect values of general combining ability and variance of special combining ability.Compton and Xifeng showed a great potential value for utilization whereas Ningmai 3 had little usefulness in waterlogging tolerance.The dominant potential of waterlogging tolerance was about 0.5 and heritability was 71.5%.Therefore,it is possible to improve waterlogging tolerance in wheat bya ppropriate choosing parents and selecting superior plants in early generations.