网络化社会的戏仿与公平竞争——关于著作权制度设计的比较分析

Parody and Fair Competition in the Network Society

本文关于戏仿与著作权的讨论,侧重于数码网络化对法律秩序的深刻影响以及各种创新型制度设计。作者认为,对所谓公平使用原则的考量,必须以严格区分美国模式和欧洲模式为前提;中国现行著作权法极其强调对作者人格的保护,固然有其必然性和合理性,但也很可能在不同程度上阻碍信息流通以及文化产业的发展。因此也可以说,“馒头血案”与《无极》的碰撞,其实提出了一些涉及法与社会转型的根本问题:怎样才能避免通讯技术引起著作权的解体或贬值?人际互动与大批量的契约群以及民主决定的法律程序要件之间的关系究竟应该如何重构?解答这些问题的关键是对权利处理的不同方式进行比较。

In the discussion about parody and copyright, this article pays particular attention to the great impacts of digital networking upon legal order as well as different new - type institutional designs. The author argues that it is necessary to distinguish between the American model and the European model of copyright law, and to consider the ＂fair use＂ principle in this context. The fact that China＇ s copyright law in force emphasizes protection of the personal rights of authors truly has its necessity and rationality. However, this feature may also hinder circulation of information and development of cultural industry. Therefore, it is possible to say that the clash between a brief video ＂Murder by Mantou＂ and a famous movie ＂Promise＂ actually raised some basic questions concerning law and social transformation as following： How can we avoid the disintegration or devaluation of copyright caused by information technology？ How should we reconstruct the relations among personal interactions, a vast amount of contracts, and procedural requisites for free communication and democratic decision？ The key to the questions is just comparative studies in the different ways and means for handling legal rights.