珞珈山森林土壤原生动物生态学研究及土壤原生动物定量方法探讨

ECOLOGICOL STUDIES ON THE FOREST SOIL PROTOZOA OF MOUNT LUOJIASHAN AND EXPLORATION OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR SOIL PROTOZOA

１９９３年１月至１２月，用直接计数法和培养计数法对武昌珞珈山森林土壤原生动物进行了周年定量研究，发现原生动物丰度的周年动态趋势为：春季（３—５月）达到高峰，低谷出现在冬季（１—２月），夏秋季保持较平稳的变动。原生动物丰度与土壤环境因子间的相关性分析结果表明，原生动物丰度的周年动态与土壤含水量及土壤ｐＨ值的变化呈显著的正相关，与土壤温度的变化无明显相关关系。珞珈山森林土壤原生动物优势种为梨波豆虫（Ｂｏｄｏｅｄａｘ）、球波豆虫（Ｂｏｄｏｇｌｏｂｏｓｕｓ）、卵形隐滴虫（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｍｏｎａｓｏｖａｔａ）、长尾尾滴虫（Ｃｅｒｃｏｍｏｎａｓｌｏｎｇｉｃａｕｄａ）、线条三足虫（Ｔｒｉｎｅｍａｌｉｎｅａｒｓ）、斜口三足虫（Ｔ．ｅｎｃｈｅｌｙｓ）、长匣壳虫（Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｐｙｘｉｓｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ）、宽口圆壳虫（Ｃｙｃｌｏｐｙｘｉｓｅｕｒｏｓｔｏｍａ）。常见种有梨波豆虫（Ｂｏｄｏｅｄａｘ）、球波豆虫（Ｂ．ｇｌｏｂｏｓｕｓ）、跳侧滴虫（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｍｏｎａｓｊａｃｕｌａｎｓ）、长尾尾滴虫（Ｃｅｒｃｏｍｏｎａｓｌｏｎｇｉｃａｕｄａ）、小滴虫（Ｍｏｎａｓｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ）、斜口三足虫（Ｔｒｉｎｅｍａｅｎｃｈｅｌｙｓ）、线条三足虫（Ｔ?

The forest soil protozoa of Mount Luojia was studied quantitatively with both directand culture counting methods from January to December in 1993. It was dicovered that the summit of the annual abundance dynamics of protozoa was in spring (March, April & May),the valley in winter (January & Febrary), and the abundance fluntuated gently in summer and fall. The results of regression analyses showed that there were obvious positive correlations between the annual dynamics of protozoan abundance and the variations of water amount and PH value of the soil, and there was no obvious correlation between the dynamics and the variations of the soil temperature. The dominant species were Bodo edax, Trinemalinears, T. enchelys, B. globosus, Centropyxis elongata, Cryptomonas ovata, Cyclopyxis eurostoma and Cercomonas longicauda. The common species were B. edax, B. globosus,Pleuromonas Pculans, T. linears, T. enchelys, Centropyxis elongata, Colpoda inflata, C. steinii,Leptopharynx costatus, Frontonia depressa, Cercomonas longycauda, C. cucullus and Monas minimum. The variation trend of protozoan abundance showed by the two counting methodswas consistent, but the results of the culture method were 102 to 103 times as much as the ones of the direct counting method. This demonstrated that most of protozoan individuals existed in cyst forms and only small numbers in active forms in soil, and on the other hand, the culture counting method overestimated the standing crop of soil protozoa. Therefore, we believed that direct counting method gives more reliable estimations of the abundance of soilprotozoa and it is better to adopt direct counting method if the objective conditions permit.