简牍所见西汉马政

Horsing Administration of Western Han Dynasty Reflected in the Bamboo Scripture

马政是古代国家对于官用马匹的采办、牧养、管理、使用等方面所实施的行政管理制度。它是古代兵制、邮驿制度、财赋制度的重要组成部分。汉简中的材料显示,西汉政府对马政相当重视,汉武帝想通过天马来改良马的品种,但效果并不明显；汉廷对厩马食粟有统一的规定,厩马食粟的多少折射出西汉不同时期的经济状况；西汉官方马厩遍布全国,各有分工,相互配合,政府对马厩有较严格的管理,显现出西汉政府良好的行政秩序。

Horsing administration is the system of policies applied to the purchasing, cultivation, management, and utilization of horses for governmental purpose in ancient China. It was an important part of the military, posthouse, and fiscal systems in the history of China. Bamboo scripture is rich in presentations of horsing administration in Western Han Dynasty. We aim to understand the historical problems refleeted in Bamboo Scripture.