日光温室甜瓜沙化土有机配方研究

Study on sandy-soil organic prescription for muskmelon in solar greenhouse

以厚皮甜瓜“优选早蜜”为材料，研究了小麦秸秆＋牛粪、小麦秸秆＋羊粪的混合腐熟有机物与沙化土不同体积比配方对甜瓜植株生长特性、不同生育期根系活力和叶绿素含量，以及产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明，在不施加化学肥料条件下．牛粪配方的甜瓜产量较羊粪配方的高5．43％～12．46％，较常规施肥栽培（CK）高3．08％～7．77％；羊粪配方中T2处理较CK高2．22％，T1，T3，T4处理较CK低0．79％～8．34％。所有处理的可溶性固形物与CK差异不显著，但T3〉T7〉T1〉T8）CK，分别较CK高4．51％，3．95%，3．60％，1．97％，其他处理均小于CK。T8处理的Vc含量较CK高1．45％，其他处理均低于CK。牛粪配方中有机物含量与甜瓜产量呈极显著正线性相关关系。综合分析认为，牛粪与沙化土体积比1：1配方（T8处理）甜瓜生长后期在根系活力、叶绿素含量和植株形态等指标上明显优于其他处理和CK，产昔达30，11t／hm^2，是较理想的沙化土与有机质配方；羊粪与沙化土体积比0．5：1配方（T2处理）在甜瓜生长发育前期速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较适宜，产量较高，品质较好，具有一定的推广价值。

With pachycarpous muskmelon Youxuan Zaomi as material,the experiment studied the influences of different prescriptions,which are made up with different ratios of sandy-soil and humus mixture material of wheat straw and cattle manure （or sheep manure）,on plant growth,root activity and chlorophyll content during different stages as well as fruit quality and yield. The result showed that, when no chemical fertilizer was applied ,yield with cattle manure prescription was 5.43%-12.46% higher than that with sheep manure and 3.08%-7. 77% higher than normal sandy soil euhure （the eontrast）,while the T2 treatment of the sheep manure prescription was 2. 22% higher than and the T1,T3,T4 treatments were 0. 79%- 8. 34% lower than the contrast. Soluble matter was T3 〉T7 〉T1 〉T8〉CK,and they were 4.51%,3.95%,3.60%,1.97% higher than the contrast,while the others were lower than it. Vitamin C content of the T8 treatment was 1.45 % higher than the contrast ,and that of the others were lower. The organic content in the cattle manure prescriptions was remarkably correlated linearly with muskmelon yield. To raise both quality and yield of muskmelon,the T8 treatment with cattle manure mixture and sandy soil ratio of 1 ： 1 is better than the other ones,due to higher root activity,chlorophyll content and better morphological indexes during the last stage. It is an optimal sandy soil organic prescription,with the yield up to 30.11 t/hm^2,and the T2 treatment with sheep manure mixture and sandy soil ratio of 0. 5 ： 1 can provide suitable eontent of available N,P and K in the substrate,hence high yield and quality,proving its value of extension.