1Fehling MG,Cooper PR,Errico TJ.Posterior plates in the management of cervical instability:long term results in 44 patients[J].J Neusurg,1994,81:341-349.
2Heller JG,Silcox D,Sutterlin CE.Complications of posterior cervical plating[J].Spine,1995,20:2442-2448.
3Pait TG,ALMefiy O,Boop FA,et al.Inside-outside technique for posterior occipitocervical spine instrumentation and stabilization:preliminary results[J].J Neurosurg,1999,90:1-4.
5Ebraheim NA,Xu R,Yesting RA.The location of the vertebralartery foramen and its relation to posterior lateral mass screw fixation[J].Spine,1996,21 (11):1291-1295.
6Xu R,Ebraheim NA,Nadand MC,et al.The location of the cervical nerve roots on the posterior aspect of the cervical spine[J].Spine,1995,20:2267-2271.
7Ebraheim NA,Haman ST,Xu R,et al.The anatomic location of dorsal ramus of the superior articular process of the lateral mass[J].Spine,1998,23:1968-1971.
8Lindscy RW,Miclau T,Posterior lateral mass plate fixation of the cervical spine[J].J South Orthop Assoc,2000,9:36-40.
4[1]Cusick JK,Yogundan N,Pintar F,et al.Biomechanics of cervical spine facetetomy and fixation techniques[J].Spine,1988,13:808-815.
5[2]Magerl F,Seeman PS.Stable posterior fusion of the atlas and axis by transarticular screw fixation[M].In P Kehr.A Weidner.Cervical Spine I.New York:Springer-Verlag,1987.217-322.
6Lindsey RW, Miclau T. Posterior lateral mass plate fixation of the cervical spine. J South Orthop Assoc, 2000, 9:36.
7Hanson PB, Montesano PX, Sharkey NA, et al. Anatomic and biomechanical assessment of transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability. Spine, 1991, 16:1141.
8An HS, Gordin R, Renner K. Anatomic considerations for platescrew fixation of the cervical spine. Spine, 1991, 16:548.
9Pait TG, A1Mefty O, Boop FA, et al. Inside- outside technique for posterior occipitocervical spine instrumentation and stabilization:preliminary results. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90, 1.
10Mihara H, Cheng BC, David SM, et al. Biomechanical comparison of posterior cervical fixation. Spine, 2001, 26:1662.
3[1]Heller JG,Silcox D,Sutterlin CE.Comp lications of posterior cervicalp lating[J].Sp ine,1995,20:2442-2448.
4[3]Pait TG,ALMefiy O,Boop FA,et al.Inside and outside technique forposterior occip itocervical sp ine instrumentation and stabilization:p re2liminary results[J].Neurosurg,1999,90:1-4.
5[5]Xu R,Ebraheim NA,NadandMC,et al.The location of the cervicalnerve roots on the posterior aspect of the cervical sp ine[J].Sp ine,1995,20:2267-2271.
6[6]Ebraheim NA,Haman ST,Xu R,et al.The anatomic location of dor2sal ramus of the superior articular p rocess of the lateral mass[J].Sp ine,1998,23:1968-1971.
7[11]Lindscy RW,Miclau T,Posterior lateralmass p late fixation of the cervical spine[J].South Orthop Assoc,2000,9:36-40.
9[13]Seybold EA,Belter JA,Criscitiello AA,et al.Characteristics ofunicortical and bicortical lateral mass screws in the cervical sp ine[J].Sp ine,1999,24(22):2397-2401.
10[19]Kockro Ram,Serra L,Tseng2Tsai Y,et al.Planning and simulation ofneurosurgery in a virtual reality environment[J].Neurosurgery,2000,46(1):118-135.