利用微卫星标记对六个羊群体性的研究

Study of Genetic Diversity in Six Sheep/goat Populations with Microsatellite Markers

采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法采集了67只洼地绵羊样品,并用PCR-PAGE电泳技术检测了其7个微卫星位点(oarFCB11,oarFCB128,oarFCB48,oarFCB304,MAF33,MAF70和oarAE101)的遗传多态性,同时引用了小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊及长江三角洲白山羊(参照群体)相同资料进行群体遗传关系分析。研究结果表明:7个微卫星标记在洼地绵羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊及长江三角洲白山羊6个品种中均存在多态性,可以用于绵羊群体遗传多样性的评估;7个微卫星标记在6个群体中的多态信息含量、平均有效等位基因数和平均杂合度分别为0.9182、13.9839、0.9511、0.9250、14.5013、0.9579、0.9157、12.9416、0.9446、0.9249、15.1723、0.9639、0.8835、10.0377、0.9333、0.8880、12.5156、0.9550、0.9078、12.1543、0.9389,其中oarFCB304遗传变异最大,oarAE101最小;6个绵(山)羊群体中小尾寒羊和洼地羊的遗传变异较大,对照群体(山羊)最小。通过计算DA距离和DS标准遗传距离,采用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)绘制聚类图,得出洼地羊先和小尾寒羊聚为一类,然后和滩羊合并为一类;同时湖羊和同羊聚为一类;绵羊五个品种为一类后与山羊合并为一类。

Sixty seven WaDi sheep, sampled by the method of ＂random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat＂ in ShanDong province , were used to examine the genetic polymorphism of the seven microsatellite loci （oarFCB11, oarFCB128, oarFCB48, oarFCB304, MAF33, MAF70 and oarAE101） by the PCR and the PAGE electrophoresis technique . The same date of Small-Tailed Han sheep,Tan sheep, Hu sheep,Tong sheep and Yangtse River Delta White goat（the referenced population）, were cited to further analyze their genetic relationships. The results indicated that there are genetic polymorphisms at seven microsatellite markers in these six sheep（goat）populations , they can be used for the genetic diversity evaluation in sheep breeds. The polymorphism information content（PIC）,the mean heterozygosity （H） and the mean effective numbers of alleles（Ne） of the seven microsatellite markers were 0. 9182,13. 9839,0. 9511,0. 9250,14. 5013,0. 9579,0. 9157,12. 9416,0. 9446,0. 9249,15. 1723,0. 9639, 0. 8835,10.0377,0. 9333,0. 8880,12. 5156,0. 9550,0. 9078,12. 1543,0. 9389 respectively, and the greatest genetic variation was at oarFCB304 locus, while the lowest was at oarAE101 locus. The genetic variability of Small-Tailed Han sheep and the WaDi sheep are the highest, and the referenced population-yangtse goat is the lowest in the six populations. By the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean（UPGMA） dendrograms based on Nei＇s DA distance and Nei＇s DS standard genetic distance, WaDi and Small- Tailed Han were clustered first, the third one was Tan ; at the same time, Hu and Tong were clustered first;Then the five sheep breeds were clustered together ; at last the six breeds were clustered.