要素契约与商品契约的优劣替代:基于企业形态分析

Superior and Inferior Substitutes for Enterprise's Factors Contracts and Goods Contracts in Different Stages: Based on Enterprise Form Analysis

要素契约与商品契约源自于新制度经济学的企业契约理论,而新制度经济学的代表人物多认为企业产生是要素契约取代商品契约;国内学者则提出了商品契约优于要素契约的观点。既然契约理论源于企业与市场的相关关系,那么放在企业与市场的历史演变背景下,探讨要素契约与商品契约的优劣替代,则更为客观。在市场初步发育时期贸易型的企业,商品契约优于要素契约;市场与企业的规模得到扩大,生产内部化的企业要素契约优于商品契约;随着规模效应递减,出现非一体化趋势,企业的商品契约便优于要素契约。

Factors contracts and goods contracts stem from new institution economics about enterprise contract theory, while most new institution economics＂ delegates think that enterprise stem from replacing goods contracts with factors contracts.Domestic scholars put forward a view about goods contracts being better than factors contracts. Since enterprise contracts theory stem from correlation with enterprise and market. So, under the historical background of enterprise and market＇s evolvement, it is more objective to quest which is better between factors contracts and goods contracts. The article believes that, when the market is initial growth period, as the trade enterprise, its goods contracts have better than factors contracts.With the scale of the enterprise and market are extensive, factors contracts of product interiorize enterprise are superior to those of the goods contracts; With the large-scale effect decline, tendency of non integration appear, enterprise＇s goods contracts are be superior to those of the factors contracts.