云南元谋干热河谷直翅目昆虫多样性初步研究

Orthopteran diversity in Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Yunnan

在云南省元谋干热河谷采用网扫法对10种生态系统中的直翅目Orthoptera多样性进行调查,共采集直翅目昆虫标本349号,计25种。物种丰富度及Shannon Wiener多样性指数最高的是石榴Punica granatum林,最低的是明油子Dodonaea angustifolia-扭黄茅Heteropogoneteacontortus灌草丛。明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛和云南松Pinus yunnanensis林优势度较高,均匀度较低。右尾和方法的排序结果显示,许多样地之间群落多样性不可比较,石榴林的直翅目群落多样性高于除果Mangifera indica林以外的任何群落,云南松林和明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛多样性最低。Jaccard指数显示出印楝Azadirachta indica-久树Schleichera oleosa和石榴林的相似性最大,云南松-栎Quercus林和云南松林之间相似性最低;Morisita-Horn指数显示龙眼Dimocarpus longan林和石榴林的相似性最大,云南松-栎林和明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛的相似性最低;定性分析的结果能更好地反映群落间的相似性。系统聚类分析将10个样地的直翅目群落分为5种类型,云南松-栎林生境稳定,恢复时长达30余年的云南松林生境比较稳定,恢复时间仅5 a的印楝-明油子林生境趋于稳定,其余样地生境不稳定,明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛生境退化,有必要对其进行植被恢复。

Orthopteran diversities of 10 ecosystems were investigated by sweep netting method in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou, Yunnan. 349 orthopteran samples including 25 species were collected. Among them, Acridoidea was the most abundant, with 19 species occupying 76.0% of the total species. Punica granatum plantation was richest in species, while Dodonaea angustifolia-Heteropogonetea contortus scrub and grass clump were poorest in species by species richness S and Margalef index. The maximum of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was found in the Punica granatum plantation, and the minimum was in the scrub and grass clump. The Orthopterans diversity was lower in Pinus yunnanensis plantation and the scrub and grass clump by Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index and Atatalo index. With diversity ranking using Patil and Taillie＇s right-tail-sum method, the diversity of many sample communities couldn＇t be compared with each other. The diversity in the Punica granatum plantation was higher than others except the Mangifera indica plantation, and the diversity was lowest in Pinus yunnanensis forest and the scrub and grass clump. Azadirachta indica-Schleichera oleosa plantation and Punica granatum plantation had the greatest similarity coefficient showed by Jaccard indices, The smallest similarity coefficient was found in Pinus yunnanensis plantation and Pinus yunnanensis-Quercus forest. Dimocarpus longan plantation and Punica granatum plantation had the greatest, while Pinus yunnanensis-Quereus forest and the scrub and grass clump had the smallest similarity coefficient showed by Morista-Horn indices. Jaccard indices were more efficient than Morista-Horn indices in this study. The Orthopterans communities in the 10 sample plots were divided into 5 types using cluster analysis. The habitat of Pinus yunnanensis-Quercus forest was stable. Through more than 30 years＇ restoration, Pinus yunnanensis-Quercus forest was relative stable. Azadirachta indica-Dodonaea angustifolia plantation was becoming stable after 5 years＇ restoration. Others were not stable. The scrub and grass clump were degraded, and their vegetation needed to be restored [Ch, 2 fig. 4 tab. 22 ref. ]