中国古代的嫁接技艺

Grafting in ancient China

通过对中国古籍的考察,发现中国古代嫁接技法的产生可能是受到自然界中“连理枝”现象的启发。嫁接技法应用到生产中的年代不晚于西汉(前206-公元25);古人主要将嫁接技法应用在缩短生产周期,保持物种特异性状和扩大繁殖系数上;古人在生产实践中总结出嫁接“四法”和“六法”,发现砧木和接穗的选择、嫁接时间和嫁接技巧等因素影响着嫁接成活率,提出“气”和“液”的概念来解释嫁接成活机理,并在总结大量远缘嫁接实践的基础上,提出亲缘关系较近的植物嫁接容易成活的观点。

Through investigations into a portion of Chinese ancient books, it was discovered that the emergence of Chinese ancient grafting was enlightened by the phenomenon of two branches of different trees twined together in nature. Before the Western Han Dynasty （206 BC - 25 AD）, grafting was had been applied in production. Ancient people used it to shorten productive cycle, keep special character of species and expand reproduce coefficient. posed the view that plants with close relation applied in grafting are easy to survive on the base of summarizing a great deal of grafting practise. [ Ch, 18 ref. ]