北魏道武帝引文人参政问题考实

Textual research on the Emperor Daowu's appointing literati to participate in government of Beiwei Dynasty

对北魏皇始元年九月的政治活动,《魏书》、《北史》、《资治通鉴》有不同记载。通过分析三种不同记载和相关史料,可以看出“置百官,封拜公侯、将军”是北魏政权体系的重要部分;道武帝时期,在地方官制上,北魏的刺史、太守多任用代北武人,汉族儒生、文人的比重相当小;在任命“尚书郎以下”的职能部门官员时,不仅仅囿于儒生。因此,以《魏书》、《北史》“初建台省,置百官,封拜公、侯、将军、刺史、太守,尚书郎已下悉用文人”这样的记载和断句来理解北魏皇始元年九月的政治活动,比《资治通鉴》中对此条史料的记载和断句更符合当时的情况。

There axe three different records of political activities of the first year of Huangshi （396 AD） of Beiwei in Weishu, Beishi and Ssu-ma Kuang＇ s Tzu-Chih Tung-Chien. From analyzing the records relative to the activities, it is pointed out that ＂establishing the government apparatuses and conferring the ranks of nobilities and generals＂ were important in the initial stage of Beiwei. The article demonstrates that the military men of the Daibei group were more likely appointed provincial and prefectural governors than Confucian scholars and literati were. And it illustrates that Confucian scholars were not the only group to be appointed the lower officials than Shangshulang. Finally, the article concludes that the record and punctuation of the activities in Weishu and Beishi were more accurate than those in the Tzu-Chih Tung-Chien.