长江三峡库区生态环境退化及其恢复与重建

Ecological degeneration and ecological environment restoration at the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

长江三峡生态环境十分脆弱,农业生产条件差,社会经济水平低,长期毁林开荒致使森林覆盖率下降,加上三峡工程建成后三峡水库淹没面积大,移民人口数量多,大量的基础设施需要重建,土地资源紧缺,环境承载力加大,人地矛盾将更加突出,水土流失将进一步加剧;三峡库区污染源广泛,蓄水后流速减慢,自净能力降低,水体污染进一步恶化;分析了生态恢复中存在的两大问题:生态重建中的效益问题和生态保护的意识和法制问题;提出了实施“生物工程”“、天保”和“退耕还林还草”三结合、健全法制、发展生态经济等生态恢复措施.

The ecological conditions are very fragile in the flooded area of the Three Gorges of Changjiang River .The agricultural conditions are poor and the social economy level is low. Destroying forest and opening up wasteland have been on for a long time. The plantation is reducing. The sources of pollutant are extensive. The velocity of water becomes slower after sluice and the capacity of the water＇s cleaning itself will reduce. The water pollution will become worse .After the founding of the Three Gorges Project, owing to the need of rebuilding infrastructure, the contradictory of lacking soil and environmental pressure will more obvious ,and the soil erosion will become worse with the increase of the emigrants .The two problems existing in ecological restoration are analyzed：the problems are associated with benefits , consciousnesses and legal systems in ecological restoration.Aseries of ecological restorations will be put forward,such as integrating bioengineering and the protection engineering of natural forest by transformation engineering from farmland into forest or grassland. Ecological economy will be sustainable in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.