单酯类燃料组成与结构对燃料特性的影响

Effects of the Components and Structure of Monoester on the Fuel Properties

生物柴油是一种可再生的国产绿色替代能源,来自于植物油单酯衍生物。脂肪酸酯作为发动机燃料的可行性来自于其分子结构和较高的能量密度。燃料的热值主要取决于燃料中C、H、O等元素的质量分数。作为柴油的品质参数之一,十六烷值同样适用于替代燃料生物柴油。脂肪酸链中的不饱和键是导致CN下降的最重要因素。不饱和键的数目及位置对燃料特性参数CN、IV、低温流动性和氧化安定性等都具有重要的影响。

Biodiesel, as a renewable and domestic green alternative fuel, is made from the monoester derivatives of vegetable oils. The suitability of fatty acid ester as diesel fuel results from their molecular structure and high energy content. The calorific value of fuel is primarily determined by the mass fraction of elements such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The cetane number, a widely used diesel fuel quality parameter related to the ignition delay period and combustion quality of a fuel, has been applied to alternative diesels such as biodiesel. Unsaturation in the fatty acid chain is the most significant factor causing lower cetane number. The number, as well as the position, of the unsaturated double bond has put great effects on the fuel properties such as cetane number, iodine value, low temperature property and oxidation stability.