聚氨酯弹性体电致伸缩性能研究

Study on Electrostrictive Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers

以聚(己二酸-丁二醇-新戊二醇)酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷为原料,经聚合得到了一系列聚氨酯弹性体。利用LCR阻抗分析仪研究了所得聚氨酯弹性体的介电性能。在1kHz频率下聚氨酯弹性体的相对介电常数为7左右,相对介电常数随测试频率的增加而降低。采用数字散斑相关测量方法研究了聚氨酯弹性体在电场诱导下的应变─电致伸缩响应之间的关系。结果表明,聚氨酯弹性体在外加高压电场的作用下,随着高压电源的开合,其应变也随之呈现出相应的收缩与回复,其电致伸缩系数随聚氨酯弹性体密度的增加及相对介电常数的减小而降低。

Polyurethane elastomers were synthesized with polyester diol, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and trimethanol propane. The dielectric properties were measured with LCR analyzer. The relative dielectric constant of polyurethane was about 7 at 1 kHz and it decreased with the increase of the measuring frequency. The electrostrictive properties were investigated by digital speckle correlation method. It was found that followed with the on - and-off of high voltage, the electrostrictive strains of polyurethane elastomers appeared the corresponding shrink and recovery. And the electrostrictive coefficient of polyurethane elastomers decreased with the increase of the density and the decrease of the relative dielectric constant, which was ascribed to the decrease of free - volume in the polyurethane elastomers.