中国共产党对知识分子阶级属性认识的曲折过程

The Tortuous Course Traversed by the CPC in Its Understanding of the Class Attribute of Intellectuals

中国共产党对知识分子的阶级属性的认识经历了一个曲折的过程。新中国成立前后,刘少奇、周恩来等人从经济地位上界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1956年,周恩来和邓小平将经济地位和为谁服务统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1961、1962年间,周恩来将经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况初步统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;1978年,邓小平在全国科学大会上将经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况重新统一起来界定了知识分子的工人阶级属性;党的十一届三中全会以后,邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛在坚持经济地位、为谁服务、思想状况统一的基础上,着力解决知识分子是工人阶级中怎样的“一部分”的问题。

The Communist Party of China (CPC) has traversed a tortuous course in its understanding of the class attribute of intellectuals. In the days around the founding of New China, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other leaders put the intellectuals in the ranks of working class in view of their economic position. In 1956, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping defined the working class attribute of the intellectuals with a unified criterion of economic position and the people they are in service of. In the two years of 1961 and 1962, Zhou Enlai initially unified the three factors of economic position, the people they work for and their ideological conditions and said the intellectuals belong to the working class. In 1978, in his opening speech at the national conference on science, Deng Xiaoping reunified the three factors of economic position, the people they work for and their ideological conditions and emphatically affirmed that the intellectuals 'are part of the working people.' After the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Eleventh Central Committee Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, on the basis of the unity of economic position, the people they are in service of and their ideological conditions, have focused on the question of what 'part' of the working class the intellectuals are.