主体间可检验性·批判的可靠性·符合事实性——论波普尔科学哲学中“客观性”概念的三重涵义

Testability between subjects·Reliability of criticism·According with facts——On the three meanings of the concept of objectivity in Popper′s scientific philosophy

“客观性”概念在波普尔批判理性主义的科学哲学中占有重要地位,在其理论的不同层面具有不同的涵义。在本体论层面,“客观性”是指世界3的主体间可检验性;在认识论层面,是指真理的符合事实性;在方法论层面,是指猜想-反驳理性批判方法的可靠性。同时,这些不同层面的涵义又是相互贯通的。在波普尔看来,客观知识本质上是猜测性的,因而在认识论上主张逼真性真理观,与此相应在方法论上坚持证伪主义,“客观性”概念使这三个层面联系成一个有机的理论整体。

The concept of objectivity is very impOrtant in Popper＇s critical rationalism philosophy and it has different meanings in different aspects. Objectivity means World3 ＇s testability between subjects with regard to ontology, the truth＇s accordance with facts as to epistemology and the reliability of conjecture -refutation as far as methodology is concerned. However, these different meanings are related to each other. On Popper＇s opinion, objective knowledge is in essence conjectural, so he sticks to falsificationism, meaning that we can only approach the truth. The concept objectivity makes the three aspects relate to each other and compose a whole.