英美教育民营化改革及其对我国的启示

British and US Reform of Educational Privatization and Its Inspiration to Us

教育民营化是近二三十年来英、美两国在教育领域的主要改革趋势,其理论基础主要是新公共管理理论、新自由主义理论和公共选择理论,主要形式有特许学校、学券制、公助学额计划、自由入学政策、直接拨款公立学校和教育行动区计划。英、美两国的教育民营化改革对于本国教育质量的提高,教育自身的发展起到了极大的促进作用。我国进行的教育改革可以借鉴、吸收国外的改革经验,立足于本国实际,在深入了解改革的背景和所带来问题的基础上,保障教育的公平性与公益性。

Educational privatization is the main reform trend in the educational field of Great Britain and USA in the past twenty or thirty years. Its theory is chiefly based upon Van-public Management Theory, Neo-liberalism Theory and Public Choice Theory. Its principal forms are Chartered School, Education Voucher, Assisted Places Scheme, Open Enrolment, Grant Maintained Schools and Education Action Zone etc. The reform of educational privatization in Great Britain and USA plays a great role in the improvement of their national education quality and the development of their education. We can take in and learn from their reform experience in our reform and, based on our actual conditions, try to make a deep understanding of the background of the reform and the problems arising thereof so as to ensure the fairness and public welfare of education.