普通话言语测听双音节词表的编辑与初步等价性评估

Development and equivalence evaluation of spondee lists of mandarin speech test materials

目的根据言语测听以及普通话语音学的要求,编制汉语(普通话)言语测听材料(mandarinspeechtestmaterials,MSTM)中的双音节词(扬扬格)表,作为临床常规测试言语识别阈以及言语评估的基本材料。方法组织各相关学科专家共同制定选词标准,对于具体细节以中文、普通话的规则为准。共编辑了10张词表,每表50词,基本做到声、韵、调三维平衡。录制合成为磁带后进行了正常听力受试者的等价性测试,测试采用单耳耳机给声。并采用3种统计方法分析。结果相关分析结果显示各表间除表5以外相关系数很高,聚类分析将10张表分为2类,但一致性检验Kappa时显示各配对组中Kappa值≥0·40组很少,一致性不高。结论双音节词表作为临床最常用的言语测听材料之一,其编制、录制、等价性评估受到各种影响因素的作用而需要多学科的合作。本次编制的材料尚需要进一步调整录制、测试方法,以期在符合音素平衡的前提下,适合临床、研究使用。

Objective To edit the spondee （disyllable） word lists as a part of mandarin speech test materials （MSTM）. These will be basic speech materials for routine tests in clinics and laboratories. Methods Two groups of professionals （audiologists, Chinese and Mandarin scientists, linguistician and statistician） were set up at first. The editing principles were established after 3 round table meetings. Ten spondee lists, each with 50 words, were edited and recorded into cassettes. All lists were phonemically balanced （3-dimensions： vowels, consonants and Chinese tones）. Seventy-three normal hearing college students were tested. The speech was presented by earphone monaurally. Three statistic methods were used for equivalent analysis. Results Related analysis showed that all lists were much related, except List 5. Cluster analysis showed that all ten lists could be classified as two groups. But Kappa test showed that the lists＇ homogeneity were not well. Conclusions Spondee lists are one of the most routine speech test materials. Their editing, recording and equivalent evaluation are affected by many factors. This also needs multi-discipline cooperation. All lists edited in present study need future modification in recording and testing in order to be used clinically and in research. The phonemic balance should be kept.