《格萨尔》史诗中的生态文化及其现代转换

The Ecological Culture and Its Modern Transform of the Epic in the king Gesar

《格萨尔》史诗蕴藏的丰富的生态文化起源于原始崇拜与宗教信仰,其哲理基础是二元的,藏传佛教“众生平等”的宗教理念是史诗中生态文化的主要哲理基础。古代藏族人民以宗教信仰与宗教惩罚、部落法规及习俗禁忌等社会机制为手段对藏区的自然生态进行了有效的保护,在藏区建立了和谐的生态环境。在生态问题叠出的今天,探讨史诗中的传统生态文化向现代生态文化的转换则具有极为重要的现实意义。建立正确的生态伦理观与自然观,转变生态理念,完善生态保护的制度化、规范化则是进行现代转换的三条主要途径。唯此,《格萨尔》史诗才能在生态的21世纪更加凸显其传统生态文化的现代意义。

The ecological culture in the famous Tibetan epic Gesar comes from the primal adoration and religious belief. The ecological philosophic theory of the famous epic is binary. ＂ Everything living is equal＂ is the main ecological philosophic theory in Tibetan Buddhism. The ancient Tibetans had effectively protected the Tibetan harmonious environment through the religious belief and punishment, the tribal rules and laws, the social conventions and the religious taboos. Today, it is very important to further study how the traditional ecological culture can be converted into modem scientific ecological culture. There are three main approaches to transform the epic ecological culture： to build the right ecological and natural ethic, to transform the traditional ecological theories, to make the ecological laws and rules more perfect. Only in this case the ecological culture of the famous Tibetan epic could show its value in the modern society.