不同土地利用与覆盖之景观生态水文变迁探讨

Discussion on the Landscape Ecohydrology Change of Different Land Use and Cover at Taiwan Mudstone Area

以景观生态理论为基础,配合水文现象的变化,应用统计分析技术计算各种景观生态指标,生态意涵在不同时期上之变异与能量循环上之改变及其生态代表意义,结果显示嵌块体的聚合大多由泥岩及竹林二种景观所造成,对于不同时期之景观生态变迁,因素分析之三个主成分的解释变异达93.2%。景观嵌块体形状因子与水质之有机营养盐供给因子,具有整体性的高相关性。在景观生态水文方面,景观多样性均一度因子,也能显著地影响到与水库淤积量、冲蚀深度有关之集水区土壤冲蚀因子。综合结果可知泥岩景观嵌块体较为破碎,边缘指数较高,因此能量、物质和营养流在嵌块体中的流转较快亦较多,而这些流动主要为暴雨所带来的冲刷,而致使水土资源大量流失,也与水库之淤积、流氧量、生化需氧量有密切之关系。

Due to the poor condition of soil and micro-climate condition, the mudstone area in the South-Western Taiwan was hard to plant and then always in bare condition which got a nickname of Moon World. In the respect of ecosystem, ecological index in different periods were calculated based upon landscape ecological theory. To explain its meanings, and the danger behind the bare mudstone area. The results indicated that, mosaic gathering was caused by mudstone and thorn bamboo. Mosaic is fracture and high edge. The results illustrated that the landscape ecological factor such as patch shape factor, and Shannon evenness factor that have significant canonical correlation with water qualities and erosion of the study area. Therefore, energy and material flow in mosaic are faster which will cause soil and water resources loss. In study area, there are many styles of fracture, variation, and mosaic distribution landscape.