黄土区大型排土场岩土侵蚀特征研究——以平朔矿区排土场为例

Research on the Characteristics of Rock and Soil Erosion of the Large Stackpile in Loess Area——Taking Opencast-mine Area of Pingshuo as an Example

排土场是一种松散的岩土混合物堆积体，存在着严重的岩土侵蚀，它的安全与稳定涉及矿山的生产安全及其经济利益与社会效益。以平朔矿区1986-2004年的水土保持实践为基础，对岩土侵蚀特征，进行了系统的研究。结果表明，岩土侵蚀的内涵为：一是侵蚀的对象是岩土非均匀混合物，也就是说，地表组成物的微变化比较复杂，二是侵蚀的方式、程度与原地貌有明显的不同。岩土侵蚀的形成条件与原地貌侵蚀形成的不同之处主要为，①地面形态及地层层序；②地表物质组成及其理化性状：③再塑地貌的时空变化。岩土侵蚀形式与特征在继承原地貌的基础上，出现新的特征，对它的进一步探讨是今后一个新的研究内容，对于整个生态系统平衡有着重要的意义。

The junkyard is a kind of loose dump of rock and soil, existing serious erosion of rock and soil, whose safety and stablility interferes in economic benefit and benefit interest on mine. On the basis of practice of soil and water conservation for 17 years,the erosion characteristics of rock and soil were researched systematically. The results showed, the intention of erosion of rock and soil has two sides ： one is that object of erosion is mixture of rock and soil, that is, the micro-change of composition of soil surface is complexer;another is that the means and degree of erosion is different from original geomorphy. The difference of form condition of erosion between stackpile and original geomorphy is mainly; ①landforms and the order of land layer; ②composition and physical and chemical properties of land surface; ③the time-space change of reformal geomorphy. The erosin forms and characteristic of rock and soil show new characteristic,based on that of original geomorphy,discussion about erosion of rock and soil will be a new object, with important role to the balance of whole eco-system.