卷烟烟气粒相中有害物质的形成、危害及其减少措施

The formation,harm and elimination of harmful components in cigarette smoke total partical matter

卷烟烟气粒相物中主要有害物质是苯并[a]芘、酚类化合物、烟气烟碱、亚硝胺等,苯并[a]芘等稠环芳烃是烟草有机物在高温乏氧条件下不完全燃烧的产物,具有致癌作用;酚类化合物主要是由烟草中的糖类、纤维素、木质素等高温热解形成的,本身无致癌性,但具有明显的促癌作用;烟气烟碱主要对心血管系统产生危害,引起心脏输血量升高,血压升高并使周围血管收缩增加,但烟气烟碱能给吸烟者以适当的生理强度和好的香吃味;烟草生物碱和亚硝酸盐是TSNAs的前体物质,主要产生与烟叶调制期间,吸烟时转入烟气粒相物中,其危害是使实验动物致癌,对人类的致癌作用正在研究中.降低烟气粒相物中有害成分主要是采取综合措施,如合理选择原料,使用膨胀烟丝和膨胀梗丝及再造烟叶,提高烟丝填充值,减少烟丝用量.合理搭配辅料,使用高透气度卷烟纸,打孔滤嘴,提高燃烧性,减少抽吸口数等.

The main harmful materials are B（a）p, hydroxybenzene, nicotine, TSNAs in the smoke TPM. B（a） p is the produce of organic compounds of tobacco leaf incompletly combusted with little oxygen and high temperature,it has the cancer-causing function. Some sugar, cellulose and xylogen can produce hydroxybezene when these matters were disassembled in high temperature contition. Hydroxybenzene don＇t have the cancer-causing function, but has the cancer-activating function. Nicotine mainly harms the cardiovascular system, such as makes the amount of blood output go up, makes the blood pressure heighten and the vein shrinkage augrment, but nicotine can give somker appropriate impact of smoke and good flavor and after taster. Tobacco alkaloid and nitrite are the main precursoral matters of TSNAs, TSNAs mostly is produced in curing period, it enters into TPM when cigarette is combusting. In the animal experiment, TSNAs has the cancer-causing function, however the cancer-causing function to human being is been studying. In producing process, mainly use compositive measure to decrease the harmful materials in smoke TPM ,for example rightly using tobacco leaf, expanded cut tobacco, expanded cut stem and reproducing tobacco leaf, increasing the filling power of cut tobacco, reducing the using amount of cut tobacco, correctly using auxiliary materials, using high permeability cigarette paper and filter with ventages, enhancing cigarette combustibility and reducing puff number etc.