潍坊市3～6岁城乡儿童体质状况调查

Investigation of constitution state of three-to six-year-old children in urban and rural areas of Weifang city

目的:通过监测潍坊市3～6岁城乡儿童的体质指标,比较分析儿童时期身体功能、形态、素质等指标的变化趋势和规律。方法:于2002-08/09对潍坊市不同区域(城乡)、不同性别、4个年龄段(3～6岁)的1063名儿童进行体质状况调查,每一个区域、每一个年龄段男女的有效样本数均为60～108名,监护人均知情同意。测试指标、规则均执行国家体育总局的《中国3～6岁儿童体质调研手册》,身体形态学指标包括身高、体质量、胸围、皮褶厚度等;体能素质指标包括力量、速度、柔韧性及灵敏性等。结果:1063名儿童全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①身体功能指标比较:城乡幼儿的安静脉搏随年龄的增长都有一种渐减的趋势,且差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②身体形态指标比较:同年龄城市男童的身高、体质量均高于城市女童及城乡幼儿(P<0.05),农村女童为最低。同年龄儿童的体脂含量比较,女童高于男童。③身体素质指标比较:上下肢力量随着年龄的增加而逐渐加大,城市儿童优于农村儿童(P<0.05)。腰部柔韧性为女童显著优于男童,男、女童的平衡协调能力随着年龄增大逐步增强,且提高迅速。结论:潍坊市3～6岁城乡儿童身体功能、形态、素质指标发育均良好,但总体城市优于农村,建议有关部门重点加强农村幼教工作的培训,全方位提高幼教水平。

AIM： To compare and analyze the change trends and law of such indexes as body function, modality and diathesis during childhood by monitoring the constitution index of three to six-year-old children in Weifang city. METHODS： Totally 1 063 children who belonged to different areas, genders and age phases （3-6 years） were being surveyed from August to September 2002. The virtual sample number for each area and age phase was 60-108. All the guardians had known and agreed. The index and rule for testing was according to ＂The Research Manual on Three to Six-Year- Old Children Constitution in China＂. Modality index included height, body mass, chest circumference and skinfold, etc. Diathesis index included strength, speed, flexibility and susceptibility, etc. RESULTS： All 1 063 children were included in the result analysis, without dropout. （1）The comparison of body function index： Their sphygmus tended to slow down when they were getting older. The distinction was not obvious（P 〉 0.05）. （2）The comparison of modality index： The height and constitution of urban boys were superior to the urban girls and the rural children at the same age（P 〈 0.05）. The rural girls were the lowest. As to the body fat content, girls were higher than boys. （3）The comparison of diathesis index： Their limbs were getting stronger when they were getting older and urban children were superior to rural ones （P 〈 0.05）. As to waist flexibility, it was obvious that girls were superior to boys. The balance of beth boys and girls was gradually strengthened as they were getting older and was improved quickly. CONCLUSION： The body function, morphous and diathcsis index of three to six-year-old children in the urban and rural areas of Weifang is pretty good. Generally speaking, urban children are Superior to rural children. It is advisable that the rural children education should be reinforced and improved.