邯郸市科研人员和机关干部499名体质状况的抽样调查(英文)

Sampling survey on body constitution of 499 scientific researchers and officers in Handan

背景: 机关干部和知识分子担负着繁重的政务工作和教学、科研任务,了解和掌握其体质状况, 将对指导其进行科学健身具有一定的现实意义。目的: 调查邯郸市科研人员和机关干部的身体功能和形态及身体素质状况, 分析存在的问题并提出解决的方法。设计: 横断面调查。单位: 河北省委党校。对象: 2003- 10 用分层整群的随机抽样方法抽取河北省邯郸市政府机关部分干部和高校教师、研究院所研究人员, 样本量为 499 名, 其中男 238名, 女 261 名; 20～39 岁年龄段为成年甲组, 占 50.5%, 40～59 岁为成年乙组, 占 49.5%。方法: 所有受试者进行问卷调查( 内容包括是否住过医院、吸烟情况、锻炼情况、参加体育锻炼的项目、参加体育锻炼的场所、每次锻炼时间、每周锻炼的次数等) 和体质测量。主要观察指标: ①身体功能与形态指标, 包括身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围、身体各部位皮褶厚度、安静脉搏、血压、肺活量等。②身体素质指标, 包括握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单腿站立、选择反应时、简单反应时、背力、纵跳、10 m×4 往返跑、俯卧撑( 男) /仰卧起坐( 女) 等。依据国家体育总局颁发的《中国成年人体质测定标准》对测试结果进行评分, ≥17 分为及格, 17 分以下为不及格。③体质现状与生活方式的关系。结果: 499 人全部进入结果分析。①随年龄增加, 无论男女, 体质量增加, 围度变大, 皮下脂肪增多, 体形“横”向发展。功能变化的特点是, 20～40 岁女子的身体功能相对较稳定, 40 岁以后身体功能开始下降。成年男子的身体功能呈缓慢而较为平稳的下降, 下降的速度低于女子。男子在力量素质、下肢爆发力、位置感觉、视觉和本体感觉的协调能力、动作速度和反应速度等均优于女子, 而关节、肌肉和韧带的伸展性和柔韧性则女子优于男子。男子在 20～40 岁各项身体素质保持较好,40 岁后柔韧性素质和动作速度与反应速度等素质开始迅速衰退。②成年甲组及格率男子 87.5%, 女子 87.3%; 成年乙组及格率男子 80.2%, 女子 74.8%。③有锻炼习惯的人群其及格率远高于不锻炼组, 但有锻炼习惯的人群所占的比例很低, 成年甲组男子为 40.7%, 女子为 28.6%, 成年乙组男子为37.3%, 女子为 31.6%。④从不和偶尔吸烟者体质明显好于经常吸烟者‘曾住院的人群, 其及格率明显偏低。⑤参加体育锻炼在每周三四次者,及格率较高, 每次锻炼时间在 30～60 min 者及格率最高。结论:①无论男女, 40 岁以后体质有显著下降。②参加体育活动明显提高身体素质。③吸烟对体质有明显副作用, ④每次参加体育锻炼时间在30～60 min, 每周参加体育锻炼三四次比较适宜增强体质。

BACKGROUND： Officers and intellectuals are bearing heavy government affairs and tasks of teaching and scientific research. It is practically important to acknowledge and master their body constitution, which can help to instruct them to scientifically build their bodies. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the body function and shape as well as body constitution of scientific researchers and officers in Handan, and analyze the existing problems and bring out the settlement. DESIGN： Cross-sectional study. SETTING： Hebei Provincial Committee Party School. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 499 subjects, aged 20-59 years, including 238 males and 261 females were selected from government officers, university teachers and scientific researchers of institute and academy by using stratified and cluster random sampling. Subjects aged 20-39 were divided into adult group A （50.5%）, and those with the age ranged 40-59 were taken as adult group B （49.5%）. METHODS： All subjects fulfilled the questionnaire （including whether they had hospitalized history, and the smoking condition, exercise condition, reasons why did not participate in the sports, sports items that patients took part in, the place they conducted athletic activities, time of each exercise and exercise times per week etc.） and were measured of the body constitution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1）lndexes of body function and shape, including body height, body mass, chest circumference, waistline, hip circumference and skinfold at all parts of body as well as the pulse in quiet state, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） and lung capacity etc. （2）Indexes of body constitution, including grasp force, bend-ahead in sitting, stand up on one leg with eyes closed, choice reaction time simple reaction time, back strength, 10 m×4 shuttle run, and pushup （male）/sit-up （female） etc. The results of test were scaled according to the Report of Monitoring of Chinese Adult Constitution, edited by the State Physical Cultural Administration. Those with the score greater than 17 points passed, while those less than 17 points failed.（3）The relationship between status quo of body constitution and life style. RESULTS： A total of 499 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.（1）With the age increasing, the body mass in males and females were increased with circumferences being enlarged and subcutaneous fat increased, and the shape was in horizontal development. The body function in females with the age ranged 20-40 were relatively stable, and began to descend at 40. The body function in adult males descended gradually and stably with the descending speed lower than in females. The force, bursting strength of lower limbs, position sense, coordination of sight and proprioceptive sense, speed in motion and response etc. of adult males were better than males, while the extensibility and tenacity of joint, muscle and tendon were superior in females than in males： All indexes of constitution in males aged 20-40 were better, while the tenacity and speed in motion and response of males older than 40 began to decay rapidly.（2）The pass rate in males of adult group A was 87.5% and was 87.3% in females, while that in males of adult group B was 80.2% and was 74.8% in females. （3）The pass rate in populations with exercise custom was greatly higher than in those without it, while the proportion of exercise people accounted little in the subjects. It accounted for 40.7% in males of adult group A and for 28.6% in females, and it accounted for 37.3% in males of adult group B, and for 31.6% in females. （4）Bedy constitution in people who never smoke and occasionally smoke were better than in those often smoke. The pass rate in people who had been hospitalized was a little lower. （5）The pass rate in subjects who exercised three or four times each week was much higher, and it was the highest in subjects exercised 30-60 minutes each time. CONCLUSION： （1）The constitution in population older than 40 is significantly worse and worse. （2）Sports activities can remarkably promote the body constitution.（3）Smoking has obvious side effects on body constitution. （4）It can reinforce the body constitution by doing sports activity for 30-60 minutes and 3 or 4 times each week.