最后的努力:中苏在1960年代初的斗争与调和——1960年代中苏关系研究之一

Last Effort: Struggle and Conciliation of China and Soviet Union in Early 1960s

1960年代初,中苏两党实现新的团结的前提,都是要求对方向自己认为正确的立场靠拢。毛泽东更表明中共要影响苏共、帮助赫鲁晓夫。由此两党开始了一系列新的矛盾冲突。通过世界工联北京会议,中国率先在国际社会组织中公开了中苏两党的分歧。赫鲁晓夫进行报复,在布加勒斯特会议上组织了对中共代表团的围攻,并单方面决定召回全部在华苏联专家,将意识形态分歧扩大到国家关系。面对大跃进造成的中国国内经济衰退,毛泽东与中共在顶住苏联压力的同时,不得不对苏采取让步政策。双方关系出现了短暂的缓和。其间,中苏两党的对外方针在表象上呈现出相互趋同转化的情况。

In the early 1960s, the precondition of the reunion of CCP and Soviet Communist Party is that, both sides required the other to agree with the stance that they believed to be right. Mao Zedong even said that CCP would influence SCP and help Khrushchev. A new series of conflict emerged between the two. Khrushchev led to besiege CCP representatives on the Bucharest Conference and decided to withdraw all the Soviet experts thot were sent to China. This brought the ideology dispute into countries＇ relations. Mao and CCP had to yield to Soviet Union and the Sino-Soviet relations had a short time relaxing, with apparent agreement in two contries＇ foreign Policies.