山区局地气候的小网格研究方法

A Small Net Method for Local Climate Calculation in Mountain Area

山区局地气侯除受宏观地形因子影响外，还要受复杂的小环境的影响。为了进一步分析山区局地气侯的差异，更好地对山区自然资源进行开发，应用小网格方法，引入地形因子，修定气候学方程，采用数学方法建立１ｋｍ热量、降水方程；对北京山区进行分析计算的结果表明，它较好地反映了地形对气候资源的影响，基本符合实际情况，月平均温度误差不超过０．６℃，年降水量绝对误差不超过４０ｍｍ，有一定的实用价值。

Beside the latitude, height and distance from sea, the local climate in mountain area is affected by the relief factors such as the slope grade and orientation of the sloping terrain, geographic conditions and shaded grade of terrain,etc. Applying the small net method, this paper developed corrected climatological equations, in which the relief factors were introduced. These equations can be used to calculate the quantities of meteorological elements such as temperature and precipitation at each point on the map which netted per 1 km. The results of the calculation are useful for utilizing and developing the local climate resources in the mountain area.