铁路“五类典型案件”行为性质的探讨

A Probe into the Nature of Five Typical Cases on Railway

“关、拔、提、摆、拆”等危及铁路行车安全的行为,因其具有发案率高,涉及面广,危害大,实践中对其对列车行车安全的危害程度的认定极为复杂、困难等特点,而被称为铁路“五类典型案件”。分析、比较外国刑法和我国现行法律的相关规定,法律体系本身的疏漏、法律规范的不明确、理论上的误读是造成实践中对“五类典型案件”危及铁路行车安全行为罪与非罪判别标准失当的重要原因。“关、拔、提、摆、拆”危及铁路行车安全的案件,如果判定其行为足以使火车发生倾覆、毁坏危险,自然应按破坏交通设施罪或破坏交通工具罪进行认定;即使没有或不足以使火车发生倾覆、毁坏危险,是否造成人身伤亡、重大财产毁损,造成线路的毁坏和危及铁路设施附近或周围地区的行人安全,造成紧急停车、中断行车等严重后果,同样是判别“关、拔、提、摆、拆”危及铁路行车安全行为罪与非罪的界限。

There are five typical cases on railway, which happen frequently and do great damage. It＇s very difficult to recognize their damage to trains. As to the standards of judging the behaviors in the cases legal or illegal, this paper analyzes the reasons why the standards fall to be faulty as well as putting forward its suggestion about the judgment.