化学节水技术在农业上的应用效果研究

Effects of Application of Water Saving Chemical Techniques on Agricultural Production

对保水种衣剂、抗旱剂、保水剂在水稻、玉米、大豆等作物上的应用效果进行研究。结果表明，在干旱条件下，采用种衣剂拌种可提高种子出苗率５．０％～７．２％，拌种浓度以１：１０最好。作物应用抗旱剂，可使叶片气孔开张度缩小１１．１％～４５．５％；降低蒸腾速率９．５％～３８．３％；使叶片水势和土壤含水量分别增加１４．３％～８５．７％和４．５％～２４．３％；提高叶绿素含量４．１％～４４．８％；使光合作用增强３６．６％～５０．２％，叶片相对电导率下降１４．０％～３３．２％；增产４．０％～１５．７％，以抗旱剂浸种和喷施效果最好。作物应用保水剂以施于土壤效果最好。种衣剂拌种与抗旱剂喷施配合施用亦能明显增强作物抗旱增产的能力。

Application effects of the moisture holding seed dressing,drought resistant agent and moisture holding agent on rice, corn and soybean were studied.With the application of moisture holding seed dressing, the emergence rate of seeding was increased by 5.0%￣7. 2 % in dry season.The adequate proportion of the seed dressing to seed was 1: 10. After the drought resistant agent was sprayed on crop leaves, opening degrees of leaf stomata were lessen by 11. 1 %￣45. 5 %, leaf transpiration ratios were decreased by 9. 5 % ￣ 38. 3 %, leaf water potential and chlorophyl content were increased by 14.3%￣85. 7 % and 4. 1 %￣44. 8%, respectively, leaf electrical conductivities were decreased by 14. 0%￣22. 3%. Soil moisture contents were 4. 5%￣24. 3% higher than thatof CK. The treatment of seed soaking and spraying with drought resistant agent obtained the best effect. The moisture holding agent applied in soil could greatly increased crop yields.The coordinate use of moisture holding seed dressing and drought resistant agent could obviously increase drought resistance and crop yields.