绝对优势和比较优势的利益得失

The Gain and Loss of Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage

斯密的绝对优势和李嘉图的比较优势令人信服地证明了国际分工和贸易给贸易双方带来的更大利益,但他们并没有对贸易产品的成本进行比较。本文紧接着斯密和李嘉图的思路,进一步探讨了国际贸易在增加贸易双方“产品利益”的同时贸易国的“成本利益”得失,认为基于绝对优势的国际分工和贸易产生的“成本利益”具有不确定性,而基于比较优势的国际分工和贸易带给先进国的“成本利益”一定为正,带给落后国的“成本利益”一定为负,并在此基础上分析了“产品利益”和“成本利益”背离的原因以及发展中国家为缩小与发达国家的经济差距而采取的应对措施。

Both absolute advantage and comparative advantage theory have proved more benefits would originate from international division of labor and trade to both trade partners. But Adam Smith and David Ricardo didn＇t compare the cost of the traded products. Following their way of thinking,the paper inquiries into the gain and loss of international trade,which brings more products to trade partners,in terms of cost from the traded products. It is believed that the gain and loss in terms of product cost originated from the absolute advantage is uncertain,but international division of labor and trade based on comparative advantage is to bring positive gain to the developed country,and negative loss to the developing country. Based on the analysis,the reason of divergence between the benefits from the traded products and the gain and loss from its cost is studied. Finally,we discuss some methods about narrowing economic gap between the developed and the developing country.