樱桃根际生物活性因子动态变化初步研究

Preliminary Study on Dynamics of Biological Activity Factors of Cherry Rhizosphere

采用盆栽试验研究了樱桃根际土壤酶活性、微生物种群数量及速效性养分动态变化及其相互关系。结果表明:春梢旺长期脲酶活性、磷酸酶活性最高,根际效应显著,随生育期推进其活性及根际效应均逐渐减弱,而过氧化氢酶活性先上升后下降,表现为负向根际效应;细菌、放线菌及真菌数量变化在生长期内表现为低—高—低型,新梢停长期根际细菌、放线菌数量最多,但二者根际效应方向相反,落叶期真菌数量最多。生长季内速效性养分整体呈下降趋势,根际碱解氮亏缺明显,而根际速效磷、速效钾相对富集,这种作用亦随生育期推进逐渐减弱。根际土壤酶活性与土壤养分间相关性强,而微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分间相关性弱。

The dynamic properties of enzyme activities and the number of microorganism and main available nutrients were measured in rhizosphere of cherry applying pot culturing tests.The results showed that the activities of urease and phosphatase were the highest in the fast-growing period of shoot which had apparent rhizosphere effect, and decreased gradually with the phonological progress, while the pemxidase activity increased first and decreased later, which indicated minus rhizosphere effect. The dynamic variations of bacteria, fungi and actinomyce were familiar in rhizosphere which were low, high, low. The number of bacteria and actinomyce was the highest in the with hold-growing period of shoot and the number of fungi was the highest in the defoliation period, the actinomyce had apparent rhizosphere effect. The available nutrients decreased in the growing season, available N was depleted and available P, K were enriched in rhizosphere, which decreased gradually with the phonological progress. The correlation between enzyme in rhizosphere and soil nutrient was high while that between quantifies of microorganisms and soil nutrient enzyme activities was low.