湖库型饮用水水源地安全保障技术需求分析

Demand analysis of safety-ensuring technologies of drinking water sources in lake reservoirs

从水文循环角度出发,将饮用水水源地水陆区域作为一个整体,提出水土资源综合管理,分区、分级控制的水源地管理理念。将湖库型饮用水水源地划分为水体、入库径流及汇流区(包括岸带和坡面带),在安全问题分析的基础上,提出各区安全保障的技术需求及管理目标。分析指出湖库型饮用水水源地安全保障的关键区域为坡面带,坡面带安全保障技术关键在于认清保护范围及控制手段。提出坡面带保护区划分的新思路,根据降水、地形坡度、土壤、植被生态,划定核心保护区,其外围营造一定宽度的草林复合防护系统作为缓冲带,防护系统以外为一般保护区,实行分级管理。草林复合防护系统中涉及的关键技术参数须通过实验研究来确定。

Districted or graded management of water sources areas is proposed from viewpoints of hydrological cycle, regarding drinking water source areas as a whole and integrated management of water and land resources. Water source areas of lake reservoir are divided into water body, reservoir runoff and confluence areas （including bank and slope）, Technical requirement and management target of each area is put forward on the basis of evaluation of safety issues. It is found that the main area of water source areas safety in lake reservoir is the slope. To clarify protected scope and facilitate control measures are the key technical element for ensuring the safety of slope. A new idea is proposed for subdividing slope protection zones. The core protection area is draw out according to precipitation, landscape, soil and vegetation ecology, which has a buffer strip of compound protection zone with a certain width of grass-wood outside. Out of this core protection area is termed as general protection zone and applied graded management. The key technical parameters related to compound protection zone with grass-wood are defined through experiment.