美国的防洪减灾措施及其启示

Experience of flood proofing measures in the United States

美国是一个洪灾多发的国家,不断总结经验,调整战略,取得了很好的防洪减灾成效。美国形成了以陆军工程师团为领导机构、地方政府分级管理的统一的防洪减灾组织与管理模式;层次分明、内容完善的防洪减灾法律法规体系和体现不同时期理念的防洪减灾策略,从注重工程措施到工程措施与非工程措施并重,尤其是以洪泛区管理为核心的非工程措施的经验,值得借鉴。

The United States is a country suffered from floods. The USA has gained great achievement on flood proofing and calamity reduction by summing up historical experiences and modulating the policies. The USA have formed a uniform flood management organization and management model, which the America Army Crops of Engineer and local government carry out grade-management; holding a perfect law system of flood management and calamity reduction gradually, paying attention to both engineering flood control measures and nonstructural measures of flood proofing, especially for the flood plain management.