护士职业压力及其影响因素的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of nursing occupational stress and impacting factors

为了解医院不同科室护士的职业压力情况及其影响因素,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对290名工作1年以上的护士进行问卷调查。结果:护士感到任务过重占18.0%,任务模糊占14.8%,角色界限不清占14.8%,职业压力过大占17.7%,个人应变能力不足占13.1%;此外,夜班和文化程度是职业压力的主要影响因素。结论:职业压力最大的科室是急诊,其次是ICU、外科、内科、手术室,最小的是门诊等科室。建议通过合理配备护理人力,分层次使用护理人员,科学合理地安排夜班来减轻护士的职业压力。

Objective：To investigate the present situation of nursing occupational stress in different wards of our hospital, analysis the reason and the effect of occupational stressors. This research will seek to suggest appropriate solutions, in order to improve nursing management. Method： 290 registered nurses who are in different departments with more than one years nursing experience were surveyed with Occupational Stress Inventory Revised（OSI-R）. All the invested data was processed by SPSS 11.5 for statistical analysis. Results： Seventeen point seven percent of nurses feel occupational stress overload, 13.1 percent of nurses＇personal contingency ability is not enough. Besides, age and night shift and educational standard are the main effects ofoceupational stress. Conclusion： Nurses of the emergency room have the highest occupational stress, the second is ICU, Surgery, Medicine, Operating Room, the least is the out-patient. Suggestions： Managements should take operable steps to improve nurses＇ personal contingency ability, to build a reasonable equipment nursing manpower, to make use of different seniority and educational standard nurses, to stipulate flexible schedule of work shift, especially for scientific and reasonable night shift ,so as to relieve occupational stress of nurses.