从吴方言看声母-声调的相互关系

The onset-tone correlation in Wu Dialects

大量跨语言语料表明,声母-声调有相互照应关系。清辅音-阴调和浊辅音-阳调处于互补分布状况这一现象使声母-声调的相互关系犹如“鸡与蛋”的关系。本文通过分析吴方言的相关语料,根据发声学原理和音系特征赋值理论,认为吴语中声母-声调的相互关系与Halle和Stevens(2002[1971]46-61)提出的辅音与声调的特征赋值配置完全一致。文章认为,吴语中清辅音-阴调/浊辅音-阳调是声调发生的自然匹配,两者都是底层表达式。

There is strong evidence for onset-tone interaction between dialects. The fact that voiceless obstruents with high-register tones and voiced obstruents with low-register tones occur in fully complementary distribution in Wu dialects may lead to a chicken-and-egg situation. Based on the articulatory studies and feature specification theory, this article makes a phonological analysis of the Wu dialects. It is found that the onset-tone correlation in Wu is consistent with the configurations of the feature specifications for the consonants and tones proposed by Halle and Stevens (1971: 46-61). The article argues that voiceless-H and voiced-L in Wu dialects are the natural onset-tone correlation in tonogenesis and that both voiced initial obstruents and low-register tones are underlying forms.