湖南省气候灾害的特点及时空分布

FEATURES AND TIME-SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF CLIMATIC DISASTERS OF HUNAN PROVINCE

干旱、洪涝、春季低温、5月低温、寒露风、冰冻、冰雹和风灾是湖南省的主要气候灾害.本文根据大量的气象和灾情资料,对这些灾害进行了分析和总结.从实际情况出发,提出了湖南气候灾害的6个特点;以旱、涝灾害为重点,以气象要素异常为依据,提出了旱、涝灾害的分级标准,得到了全省旱、涝灾害的时空分布;结合地理位置、地形和植被条件,讨论了旱、涝重灾区的成因.在研究各种灾害发生规律的基础上,提出了防治气候灾害的主要措施.

The main climatic disasters of Hunan Province are drought,flooding microtherm in spring and in May,cool-wind in“Cold Dew”period,ice,hail and wind damage.According to a huge amount of meteorological data and disaster condition data,the author makes an analysis and summary of those disasters. Then,proceeding from the objective realities,this paper advances six fea- tures of the climatic disaster in Hunan.Next,taking drought-flooding damage as the focal point,in accordance with the abnormal phenomena of the mete- orological element,the author presents the grading standards of the drought- flooding damage and obtains the time-space distribution in the whole pro- vince.Finally,in the light of the conditions of geographical position,geo- graphy and vegetation,the contributing factor of severely afflicted area with drought-flooding is discussed.The main measures to prevent and cure the climatic disaster are put forwards on the basis of the study of the occurrence of all kinds of damage.