诸葛菜与芸薹属间花粉与柱头相互作用的研究

Pollen-Stigma Interaction Between Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica Species

用苯胺蓝染色法,在荧光显微镜下观察了诸葛菜的花粉在甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜的柱头上的黏附、萌发及萌发花粉管在柱头和花柱中的生长、伸长情况.结果表明,诸葛菜花粉很难在3种类型油菜的柱头上黏附和萌发,同时在花粉黏附的部位及其附近柱头乳突细胞内产生大量胼胝质;萌发的少量花粉粒,其花粉管生长迟缓,且发生严重扭曲、肿胀等畸形现象,从而导致其进入柱头也比较困难;少数花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但时常有异常胼胝质沉积在花粉管中.另外,诸葛菜花粉与3种类型的油菜柱头的相互作用不同,即亲和力不同,表明诸葛菜与芸薹属杂交,存在严重的生殖隔离障碍,而且主要是受精前障碍.

Orychophragmus violaceus used as male parent, with Brassica napus, B. campestris and B.juncea by selfing the female parent materials. Under fluorescent microscope, the binding degree and germinating rate of pollen grain were weakened when Brassica napus, B.campestris and B.juncea respectively was pollinated by Orychophragmus violaceus. The pollen of Orychophragmus violaceus was hardly ever binding to the stigma of B.species which was respectively used as female parent. The callose easily deposited in papillose cells in the three different combinations. Germinated pollen tubes grew slowly on the stigma and gave rise to the distortion of pollen tubes, and swelled of their tops, Thus, the quantities of germinating tubes on the stigmas and that of penetrating stigma were reduced. Sometimes, a few of pollen tubles could enter into styles through stigmas, but abnormal callose could deposit in the tubes. In addition, there were different degrees of compatibility between Orychophragmus violaceus and the different Brassica species. It could be concluded that the incompatible reaction caused by pollen-stigma interaction could be one of the main barriers of intergeneric crosse between Orychophragmus violaceus and B. species.